Therapeutic Advances and Challenges for the Management of HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Cancer.

The use of conventional chemotherapy in conjunction with targeted and immunotherapy drugs has emerged as an option to limit the severity of side effects in patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC), particularly oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). OPC prevalence has increased exponentially in the past 30 years due to the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study reports a comprehensive review of clinical trials registered in public databases and reported in the literature (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI web of science databases). Of the 55 clinical trials identified, the majority (83.3%) were conducted after 2015, of which 77.7% were performed in the United States alone. Eight drugs have been approved by the FDA for HNC, including both generic and commercial forms: bleomycin sulfate, cetuximab (Erbitux), docetaxel (Taxotere), hydroxyurea (Hydrea), pembrolizumab (Keytruda), loqtorzi (Toripalimab-tpzi), methotrexate sodium (Trexall), and nivolumab (Opdivo). The most common drugs to treat HPV-associated OPC under these clinical trials and implemented as well for HPV-negative HNC include cisplatin, nivolumab, cetuximab, paclitaxel, pembrolizumab, 5-fluorouracil, and docetaxel. Few studies have highlighted the necessity for new drugs specifically tailored to patients with HPV-associated OPC, where molecular mechanisms and clinical prognosis are distinct from HPV-negative tumors. In this context, we identified most mutated genes found in HPV-associated OPC that can represent potential targets for drug development. These include TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, NOTCH1, RB1, FAT1, FBXW7, HRAS, KRAS, and CDKN2A.

Adverse Effects of Natural Products in the Oral Mucosa and Face: A Scoping Review.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map the adverse reactions in the oral mucosa and face caused by the use of natural products. Methodology: This review was performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, with a protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/R57D8). The search was carried out systematically using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and LIVIVO databases, as well as gray literature through Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Reports of clinical cases on the adverse effects of natural products on the oral mucosa or perioral region of the face resulted from inappropriate use or self-medication were included. Data from the included studies were described in a narrative form. Results: Seven hundred and six studies were identified, and after removing duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, 28 studies were included. The year of publication ranged from 1976 to 2022. The studies were conducted in 19 countries. Fifty patients were mentioned in the included studies and 34 were female (68%). The natural products most related to adverse reactions were propolis (n = 17), with manifestations such as perioral eczema, edema, erosions, erythema, allergic contact dermatitis, and garlic (n = 9), with manifestations such as chemical burn, burning sensation, vesicles and blisters, crusts, and ulcerations. Conclusion: Propolis and garlic were the natural products with the most reported adverse effects on the oral mucosa and perioral region.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental trauma attendance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental trauma patient attendance. The study was registered in the PROSPERO system, using the CRD42021288398 protocol. Searching was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, and OpenGrey databases, using the following keywords: "Tooth injuries," "Dental trauma," "Traumatic Dental injury," and "COVID-19". We included observational studies evaluating dental trauma in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analysis was performed in RevMan 5.4 software with Odds Ratios as a pooled measure of effect, with a 95% confidence interval, and using random-effects modeling. After applying the eligibility criteria, 32 studies were included for qualitative analysis, in which 10 were used to assess the frequency of dental trauma diagnoses in dental emergencies. Despite the decrease of visits during COVID-19, the analysis revealed no difference between the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. Regarding the type of dental trauma, two of the studies revealed no differences for the periods before and during the pandemic. This study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has not impacted the frequency or type of dental trauma compared to previous periods.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental trauma attendance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental trauma patient attendance. The study was registered in the PROSPERO system, using the CRD42021288398 protocol. Searching was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Lilacs, and OpenGrey databases, using the following keywords: "Tooth injuries," "Dental trauma," "Traumatic Dental injury," and "COVID-19". We included observational studies evaluating dental trauma in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Quality assessment was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analysis was performed in RevMan 5.4 software with Odds Ratios as a pooled measure of effect, with a 95% confidence interval, and using random-effects modeling. After applying the eligibility criteria, 32 studies were included for qualitative analysis, in which 10 were used to assess the frequency of dental trauma diagnoses in dental emergencies. Despite the decrease of visits during COVID-19, the analysis revealed no difference between the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. Regarding the type of dental trauma, two of the studies revealed no differences for the periods before and during the pandemic. This study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has not impacted the frequency or type of dental trauma compared to previous periods.

Effect of universal adhesives and self-etch ceramic primers on bond strength to glass ceramics: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: To simplify dental procedures, multicomponent products such as universal adhesives and self-etch ceramic primers have been recommended for glass-ceramic bonding; however, studies have shown a wide range of results. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the in vitro bond strength promoted by hydrofluoric acid+silane-containing universal adhesives and a self-etch ceramic primer to glass-ceramics and compare it with that of conventional treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, LILACS, and ISI Web of Science databases up to April 2021. In vitro studies assessing the resin-mediated bond to glass-ceramics by using a self-etch ceramic primer and hydrofluoric acid+silane-containing universal adhesives and/or compared with traditional hydrofluoric acid+glass-ceramic primers were included. Selection of studies, data extraction, and risk-of-bias analysis were performed. Statistical analysis was performed by using a review management software program using a random effects model (α=.05). RESULTS: A total of 33 studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 26 studies in the quantitative analysis. Bond strength to lithium disilicate ceramic was higher when a hydrofluoric acid+glass-ceramic primer was used than when using a hydrofluoric acid+silane-containing universal adhesive (P<.05), except when 9% to 10% acid concentration was used in combination with static aging (P=.100). A self-etch ceramic primer promoted bond strength values to lithium disilicate that were similar to those of the hydrofluoric acid+glass-ceramic primer (P>.100). CONCLUSIONS: Hydrofluoric acid+silane-containing universal adhesive was not as effective as the hydrofluoric acid+glass-ceramic primer in promoting bond strength to glass-ceramic. Bond strength values generated by a self-etch ceramic primer to glass-ceramic were similar to those generated by the conventional treatment.

Combinando estratégias de aprendizagem para o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências na Prótese Parcial Removível pré-clínica: um relato de experiência / Combining learning strategies for developing abilities and competencies in a preclinical Removable Partial Denture course: an experience report

O uso da metodologia ativa no ensino da Odontologia é recomendado nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, com a finalidade de desenvolver habilidades e competências, assim como de estimular a capacidade reflexiva dos egressos. Em Prótese Parcial Removível (PPR), alguns estudos apontam os benefícios do método centrado no aluno, utilizando diferentes estratégias, como Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Case-Based Learning (CBL) e Team-Based Learning (TBL) com resultados positivos no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência do uso de metodologias ativas como o CBL, a Sala de Aula Invertida e a estratégia do Brainstorming na disciplina de Prótese Parcial Removível da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, estimulando o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico do aluno no planejamento de arcos parcialmente desdentados desde a fase pré-clínica. Como produto dessa mudança na estratégia pedagógica, desenvolveram-se materiais instrucionais como um checklist de perguntas e um fluxograma que foram implementados como ferramentas facilitadoras no processo ensino-aprendizagem durante as práticas de laboratório. A adaptação de estratégias de ensino com participação ativa dos estudantes pode ser útil na verificação das dificuldades durante o planejamento, as quais podem ser solucionadas previamente aos atendimentos de pacientes nas clínicas. Os materiais instrucionais desenvolvidos na disciplina podem auxiliar os professores de Odontologia a refletir sobre diferentes formas de metodologias no ensino da PPR e inserir o aluno no processo de construção do seu conhecimento (AU).

Active methodologies in dental education have been highly recommended by the National Curricular Guidelines in developing students' abilities and competency, and directly impact on the reflective capacity of new professionals. Some studies on Removable Partial Dentures (RPD) have pointed out benefits of the student- centered method by using different strategies such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Case- Based Learning (CBL) and Team-Based Learning (TBL), with positive results in the teaching and learning processes. This article aims to report the experience of using active methodologies such as CBL, Inverted Classroom and Brainstorming techniques as a strategy in the RPD Preclinical Course of the Federal University of Paraíba, focusing on the development of students' critical thinking for planning partial edentulous arches. As a result of this change, instructional materials such as a checklist of questions and a flowchart were developed and have started to be implemented as important tools during the laboratory classes. Adapting teaching strategies with the active participation of students can be a valuable tool to verify difficulties during prosthesis planning. As a result, it can improve self-confidence in determining the mechanical components prior to clinical care. The instructional materials developed can help professors to reflect on different forms of methodologies in RPD teaching and insert students in their own knowledge construction (AU).

Evaluation of the economic impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian private dental clinics: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The changes in dental care in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the need for greater financial investment by dentists in biosafety measures and increase in the costs of dental consultations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental practices in private clinics in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out, using an online questionnaire indexed in Google Forms, and distributed among dentists. The data obtained were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 software, evaluating the factors associated with strong or very strong impact on the participants' income and the factors that motivated the dentists to look for a credit line. Multiple logistic regression models were constructed to identify the associated factors. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Most participants were female, with a median age of 35 years. Dentists who are most concerned about their professional future (OR = 3.134; 95% CI: 1.804-5.445), who have longer office hours (OR = 2.056; 95% CI: 1.198-3.529), who had the greatest impact on the flow of patients (OR = 16.358; 95% CI: 9.408-28.443) and in need of investing in infrastructure (OR = 1.756; 95% CI: 1.014-3.041), had the greatest impact on monthly earnings. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic and the new biosafety recommendations for care during this period had a negative impact on the income of Brazilian dental offices and increased the chance of seeking credit to alleviate the financial deficit.

Use of collaborative learning as atool to evaluate syndromic craniofacial anomalies / Uso da aprendizagem colaborativa como ferramenta para avaliar anomalias craniofaciais sindrômicas

Almost 30% of oral cleftsare associated with other structural abnormalities.However, little is known on orofacial characteristics related tothese cases since they are not systematically reported. To close this gap, we developed a collaborative learning approach supported by an interprofessional team aiming to systematicallydescribe oral findings and impactthe training of future professionals that hopefully will incorporate these descriptionsintotheir clinical practice. The methodological proposal consisted of small group sessions focusing on a particular syndrome or group of syndromes followed by examiningpatients with those conditions. Twenty cases were examined and studied over one semester andaset of conditions to be identified in the orofacial regionwasdefined. Here, we present a guideline that we suggest that dentists and dental institutions use. We also present the advantages of using collaborative learning as a tool in the training of the clinician (AU).

Quase 30% das fissuras orais estão associadas a outras anormalidades estruturais. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre as características orofaciais relacionadas a esses casos, uma vez que não são relatados de forma sistemática. Para fechar essa lacuna, desenvolvemos uma abordagem de aprendizagem colaborativa apoiada por uma equipe interprofissional com o objetivo de descrever sistematicamente os achados orais e impactar o treinamento de futuros profissionais que, esperançosamente, irão incorporar essas descrições em sua prática clínica. A proposta metodológica consistia em sessões de pequenos grupos enfocando uma determinada síndrome ou grupo de síndromes seguidas de exame de pacientes com essas condições. Vinte casos foram examinados e estudados ao longo de um semestre e foi definido um conjunto de condições a serem identificadas na região orofacial. Aqui, apresentamos uma diretriz que sugerimos que os dentistas e instituições odontológicas utilizem. Também apresentamos as vantagens de usar a aprendizagem colaborativa como uma ferramenta no treinamento do clínico (AU).

Case report of oral mucosa garlic burn during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and role of teledentistry to manage oral health in an older adult woman.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 global pandemic and the uncertainty of an effective treatment protocol have resulted in fear and anxiety, which have increased the search for natural products to prevent the disease and to manage the symptoms. AIMS: To discuss the negative effects of garlic used as a preventive measure against the novel coronavirus. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study reports a case of oral mucosa burn on the dorsal surface of the tongue in a 72-year-old woman. The patient was using raw garlic daily during the pandemic to improve her immunological system. She scheduled a dental appointment and was assessed by teledentistry due to the pandemic, in which a detailed anamnesis was carried out. The burned area and ulceration were identified by video call and photographs. The patient was instructed to cease the habit immediately and change to a soft and non-acid/spicy/hot diet, which resulted in a great recovery 2 days later. She was monitored for 2 weeks until her tongue was completely healed. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the consequences of inappropriate use of natural product and how self-treatment could negatively influence oral health. Additionally, it shows the importance of teledentistry for oral diagnosis and treatment during a pandemic.

Effectiveness of Core-Shell Nanofibers Incorporating Amphotericin B by Solution Blow Spinning Against Leishmania and Candida Species.

The aim of this study was to develop polymeric nanofibers for controlled administration of Amphotericin B (AmpB), using the solution centrifugation technique, characterizing its microstructural and physical properties, release rate, and activity against Leishmania and Candida species. The core-shell nanofibers incorporated with AmpB were synthesized by Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, X-Ray diffraction, and drug release assay. In vitro leishmanicidal and antifungal activity were also evaluated. Fibrous membranes with uniform morphology and smooth surfaces were produced. The intensity of the diffraction peaks becomes slightly more pronounced, assuming the increased crystallization in PLA/PEG at high AmpB loadings. Drug release occurred and the solutions with nanofibers to encourage greater incorporation of AmpB showed a higher concentration. In the results of the experiment with promastigotes, the wells treated with nanofibers containing concentrations of AmpB at 0.25, 0.5, and 1%, did not have any viable cells, similar to the positive control. Various concentrations of AmpB improved the inhibition of fungal growth. The delivery system based on PLA/PEG nanofibers was properly developed for AmpB, presenting a controlled release and a successful encapsulation, as well as antifungal and antileishmanial activity.

SARS-CoV-2 and Saliva: an update

Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The high rate of contagion and the spread of the virus in the population make the early detection of the pathogen the means for the adequate targeting of infection control measures. WHO directs sample collection on upper respiratory specimens, including nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab or wash in ambulatory patients, as well as lower respiratory specimens: sputum and/or endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage, in addition to citing blood and feces. Among the various sample collection methods, saliva has been investigated and reported as a potential source for diagnosis. Thus, we propose to evaluate the current scenario, based on recent publications on the perspective of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in saliva as a diagnostic method for Covid-19.

SARS-CoV-2 and Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool: A Real Possibility

Abstract Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The high rate of contagion and the spread of the virus in the population make the early detection of the pathogen the means for the adequate targeting of infection control measures. WHO directs sample collection on upper respiratory specimens, including nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab or wash in ambulatory patients, as well as lower respiratory specimens: sputum and/or endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage, in addition to citing blood and feces. Among the various sample collection methods, saliva has been investigated and reported as a potential source for diagnosis. Thus, we propose to evaluate the current scenario, based on recent publications on the perspective of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in saliva as a diagnostic method for Covid-19. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 through saliva seems to be very promising, although obstacles such as the technique and the location of the collection and the sample size of the research carried out so far may present a limitation for its use. The current scenario presents saliva as a reliable method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, due to the ease of obtaining the samples, the possibility of self-collection, low cost because there is no need to use specific equipment, in addition to reducing the risk of transmission for health professionals.

Condução psicológica do paciente infantil em Saúde Pública / Psycological management of childish patient in Public Health

O objetivo deste estudo foi discorrer sobre aspectos que norteiam o atendimento odontológico do paciente infantil com medo e ou ansiedade pelo sistema de saúde pública, apresentando formas de condução psicológica com vistas a atender as necessidades físicas e psicológicas do paciente infantil e dispor opções de atuação da equipe de saúde bucal. A presente pesquisa bibliográfica foi desenvolvida por meio da análise documental da produção bibliográfica, obtida por meio das bases de dados BBO, Lilacs, Medline e vinculadas à biblioteca virtual BIREME. Foram usados os descritores de assunto "ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico", "medo" e "conduta". Para que o tratamento realizado na unidade pública proceda de forma positiva, o cirurgião-dentista deverá estabelecer contato com a criança, observando o seu comportamento desde o momento em que ela adentra ao consultório, pois esse comportamento norteará a conduta do profissional. Observou-se que o profissional pode dispor de uma grande variedade de formas de realizar a condução psicológica no atendimento do paciente infantil com medo e/ou ansiedade. Há necessidade de maior divulgação dessas condutas, principalmente no setor público, para que o clínico geral sinta maior segurança, e a ansiedade e a tensão emocional infantil não comprometam o tratamento.

The aim of this study was to discourse on aspects that orientate the childish patients with fear and/or anxiety in odontologic attendance for the public system of health, presenting forms of psychological conduction with views to assist the childish patient's physical and psychological needs and to dispose options of performance of buccal health's team. This bibliographical research was developed through the documental analysis of the bibliographical production, obtained through the BBO, Lilacs, Medline bases and linked to the virtual library BIREME. They were used the descritores of subject "dental anxiety ", fear " and "behavior ". For that the treatment accomplished in the public unit comes in a positive way, the surgeon-dentist should establish contact with the child, observing your behavior since the moment that she penetrates to the clinic, because that behavior will orientate the professional's conduct. It was observed that the professional can dispose of a great variety in ways of accomplishing the psychological conduction in the childish patient's attendance with fear and/or anxiety. We concluded that there is a need of larger popularization of those conducts, mainly in the public section, to make the general doctor feels larger safety, also the anxiety and the childish emotional tension don't commit the treatment.

Estudo dos parâmetros salivares de gestantes / Study of salivary parameters'study of pregnant women

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar comparativamente os parâmetros salivares de gestantes e não gestantes, como a taxa de fluxo salivar, pH, capacidade tampão da saliva e as sensações de xerostomia e parageusia. A pesquisa foi realizada nas Unidades de Saúde da Família da Cidade de João Pessoa/Paraíba e no Ambulatório do Hospital Lauro Wanderley/UFPB. A amostra não probabilística foi composta por 18 mulheres divididas em dois grupos: o grupo experimental e o grupo controle, pareadas quanto à idade. Nas gestantes, a média ± DP de fluxo salivar em repouso foi de 0,33±0,20 mL/min, enquanto que a medida de fluxo salivar estimulado (mL/min) teve média de 1,0±0,71, e a média ± DP de pH salivar foi de 7,15 ± 1,0. A xerostomia e a parageusia foi relatada por 33,3% e 44,4% das gestantes, respectivamente. No grupo das gestantes, 55,6% apresentaram capacidade tampão intermediária, e 44,4% com capacidade tampão baixa. Concluiu-se que as gestantes revelaram taxa de fluxo e pH salivar semelhantes aos das não gestantes; a xerostomia foi uma sensação presente, apenas, nas gestantes, e a parageusia apresentou proporções semelhantes entre as gestantes e não gestantes.

The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the salivary parameters of pregnant and non-pregnant, as salivary flow rate, pH, buffer capacity of saliva, and feelings of xerostomia and parageusia. The research was conducted in the Family Health Units João Pessoa City / Paraíba and Hospital Lauro Wanderley. The non-probabilistic sample was composed of 18 women divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, matched for age. In pregnant women, the measurement of salivary flow rate had mean ± SD 0.33 ± 0.20 mL / min, while the extent of stimulated salivary flow (mL/ min) averaged 1.0 ± 0.71 and mean ± SD salivary pH was 7.15 ± 1.0. Xerostomia was reported by 3 pregnant (33.3%) and paraugesia by 4 pregnant (44.4%). In the group of pregnant women, 55.6% had intermediate buffer capacity and 44.4% with low buffering capacity. It was concluded that pregnant women revealed flow rate and salivary pH similar to those of non-pregnant women; xerostomia was a feeling this only in pregnant women, and parageusia showed similar proportions between pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Perfil socioeconômico dos alunos concluintes dos cursos de auxiliar e técnico em saúde bucal / Socioeconomic profile of students graduating from courses of technical and oral health auxiliary

Introdução: Em razão da evolução da profissão odontológica, surgiu a necessidade de utilização de pessoal auxiliar promovendo a racionalização do trabalho, o que favoreceu as políticas de Saúde Bucal na transformação da prática odontológica. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil socioeconômico dos alunos concluintes dos cursos de Auxiliar e Técnico em Saúde Bucal (ASB e TSB), assim como investigar suas expectativas diante do mercado de trabalho. Material e método: A amostra foi constituída de 131 alunos cursando as últimas disciplinas dos cursos. Foi aplicado um questionário pré-estabelecido. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados, com valores absolutos e percentuais. Resultado: A análise estatística dos dados revelou um predomínio do gênero feminino, do estado civil solteiro, com média de 28 ± 6,6 anos, baixo poder aquisitivo e uma prevalência de ASB sobre TSB. Observou-se também que 100% dos alunos não faziam uso de drogas, 97,7% não eram fumantes e 90,8% não consumiam bebidas alcoólicas frequentemente. Conclusão: O perfil socioeconômico desses futuros profissionais apresenta-se com predomínio do gênero feminino, estado civil solteiro, média de 28 anos, baixo poder aquisitivo e há pretensão de ingressar na universidade. A expectativa em relação ao mercado de trabalho é positiva, visto que os formandos afirmaram que o curso é voltado para o exercício da profissão, além de esperarem uma melhoria financeira, pois o salário almejado supera a renda familiar.

Introduction: The evolution of the dental profession has showed the need for work of auxiliary personnel to rationalization of work, promoting oral health policies in the transformation of dental practice. Objective: Evaluate the socioeconomic profile of students completing of the technical and auxiliary in oral health courses, as well as to investigate their expectations about the job market. Material and method: The sample was comprised by 131 students attending the last subjects of the courses. A questionnaire was given pre-established. Descriptive analyses were realized with absolute and percentage values. Result: The statistical analysis showed a predominantly female, single, average 28 ± 6.6 years, low purchasing power and a prevalence of auxiliary on technical. We also observed that 100% of students did not use drugs, 97.7% were non-smokers and 90.8% did not consume alcohol frequently. Conclusion: The sociodemographic profile of these future professionals is predominantly female, single, average of 28 years, low income, intended to enter in the university. The expectations regarding the labor market is positive, since the students said the course is intended for the profession, and expect a financial improvement, because the salary exceeds the familiar income.